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[George Jorgensen's meeting of Sweden's Dr. Christian Hamburger brought about the startling transformation known as Christine Jorgensen; rattling the staid sexual orthodoxy of the 1950s in the process was just a bonus.]
1640 - The
Iberian Union came to an end when Portugal acclaimed
João IV as its king, thus ending a 60-year period of personal union of the crowns of Portugal and Spain and the end of the rule of the
House of Habsburg (also called the Philippine Dynasty) in that country.
1768 - The slave ship
Fredensborg sank off the Norwegian coast near the town of
Tromøy.
1822 -
Pedro I was crowned Emperor of Brazil.
1834 - Slavery was abolished in the
Cape Colony in accordance with the
Slavery Abolition Act 1833, which called for the abolition of slavery throughout the British Empire.
1860 -
Charles Dickens serialized the first part of his novel
Great Expectations in his own magazine,
All the Year Round.
1913 -
Crete - having obtained
self-rule from Turkey after the first
Balkan War - was annexed by Greece.
1918 - The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later known as the
Kingdom of Yugoslavia) was proclaimed.
1919 -
Lady Astor became Britain's first woman Parliamentarian when she took her seat at
Westminster as a
Unionist, representing the constituency of
Plymouth Sutton, three days after her election.
1941 - New York City's Mayor
Fiorello La Guardia - doing double duty as Director of the
Office of Civilian Defense - signed
Administrative Order 9, creating the
Civil Air Patrol.
1952 - The New York Daily News reported the news of Christine Jorgensen, the first notable case of a gender reassignment operation.
1955 - Seamstress
Rosa Parks refused to give up her bus seat to a white man and was arrested for violating the city's racial segregation laws, an incident which led to the
Montgomery Bus Boycott.
1958 - A
fire at Chicago's
Our Lady of the Angels School claimed the lives of 92 pupils and three nuns.
1959 - The
Antarctic Treaty - which set aside
Antarctica as a scientific preserve and under its own Article I banned
military activity on that continent - was opened for signature; the first 12 signatories were Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Chile, France, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, South Africa, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and the United States. The treaty's Article I was the Cold War era's first such proscription against militarism.
1963 -
Nagaland became India's 16th state.
1973 -
Papua New Guinea became self-governing, and would obtain full
independence from Australia following a peaceful transition of power in September 1975.
1981 - The
AIDS virus was officially recognized; today this event is commemorated around the world as
World AIDS Day, which has been observed since 1988.
1982 -
Michael Jackson released
Thriller, which would go on to be the biggest selling album of all time.
1989 - The right-wing military rebel group
Reform the Armed forces Movement (RAM) - comprised principally of
Ferdinand Marcos loyalists - attempted to oust Philippine President
Corazon Aquino in a
failed coup d' etat.
1990 - French and UK
Channel Tunnel excavations
met in the middle - 40 meters beneath the seabed of the
English Channel/La Manche - joining Britain to mainland Europe for the first time in 8,000 years.
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